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Dissolved Metals Treatment

Water Pollution Management

Water Quality Standards

Element Surface Water
(Fresh)
Salt
Water
Human
Consumption
Iron 1 mg/l 1 mg/l 200 μg/l
Arsenic 50 μg/l 25 μg/l 10 μg/l
Manganese 30 μg/l - 50 μg/l
Aluminium Draft Proposed Standard (SEPA 2013) - 200 μg/l
pH > 5.5 1 mg/l
pH < 5.5 < 0.1 mg/l
Chromium Salmonidae Fish 15 µg/l 50 µg/l
0-50 mg CaCO3/l 5 µg/l
50-100 mg CaCO3/l 10 µg/l
100 - 150 mg CaCO3/l 20 µg/l
150-200 mg CaCO3/l 20 µg/l
200 - 250 mg CaCO3/l 50 µg/l
250 mg CaCO3/l 50 µg/l
250+ mg CaCO3/l 50 µg/l

Metal treatment

Stage 1

Precipitation to Remove Dissolved Metals

Turning dissolved metals into a solid form

Stage 2

Recovery to remove the suspended solids

Solid Liquid Separation

Stage 3

Waste Minimisation (Sludge de-watering)

Volume reduction through the removal of water

Metal Precipitation

Metal Hydroxide precipitation most commonly employed method for the precipitation of metals

 Typical reaction is of the form:

M+n­ +nOH                       M(OH)n

For example

Zn2+­ +2OH                     Zn(OH)2

Many Metals are amphoteric, therefore their solubility reaches a minimum
at a specific pH (different for each metal)

Many Metals are amphoteric, therefore their solubility reaches a minimum at a specific pH (different for each metal)

Metal Hydroxide Solubility

Metal hydroxide solubility

Conventional Hydroxide Precipitation

Conventional hydroxide precipitation

The HDS Process

The HDS Process

Dissolved Metals

Dissolved Metals
Simon Skentelbery

Simon Skentelbery

General Manager

John F Hunt Regeneration Ltd

London Road
Grays
Essex
RM20 4DB

M: 07967 306 517
E: simon.skentelbery@johnfhunt.co.uk
W:  johnfhuntregeneration.co.uk